What is squamous cell carcinoma?
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common form of skin cancer. It’s usually found on areas of the body damaged by UV rays from the sun or tanning beds. Sun-exposed skin where SCC is usually found includes the head, neck, ears, lips, arms, legs, and hands.
SCC is a fairly slow-growing skin cancer, and while it is usually not life-threatening when caught early, it can become invasive. Unlike other types of skin cancer such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma can spread to the tissues, bones, and nearby lymph nodes, where it may become hard to treat.
What causes squamous cell carcinoma?
SCC is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Risk factors include:
- Older age
- Fair skin, light-colored eyes, and blonde or red hair
- A history of sunburns or excessive sun exposure
- Skin conditions like actinic keratosis (if untreated)
What are the symptoms of squamous cell skin cancer?
This type of skin cancer is highly-treatable when caught early, so it is important to monitor your skin for any changes or warning signs.
SCC usually begins as a dome-shaped bump or a red, scaly patch of skin. It is usually rough and crusty, and can bleed easily when scraped. Large growths may itch or hurt. If you notice any of these symptoms, it is important to see a dermatologist for an evaluation.
SCC may also pop through scars or chronic skin sores, so check for any changes and report them to your doctor.
How is it diagnosed?
Your dermatologist will begin with a thorough skin examination, assessing any suspicious growths or lesions. Along with the visual exam, we may use a technique called dermoscopy to see the spots on your skin more clearly.
If SCC is suspected, a biopsy is performed: a small sample of the affected tissue is taken and examined under a microscope. This helps confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the cancer.
How does a dermatologist treat squamous cell carcinoma?
Squamous cell carcinoma can usually be treated with minor surgery that can be done in our Forefront office. Treatment depends on the size, location, and severity of the skin cancer. Treatment options include:
How can I prevent skin cancer?
Preventing SCC involves protecting the skin from excessive UV exposure and practicing healthy skin habits. While not all skin cancers can be prevented, you can significantly reduce your risk by:
- Limiting your sun exposure
- Using sunscreen daily
- Never using indoor tanning beds
- Avoiding harmful chemicals
- Not smoking
- Protecting your immune system
- Performing regular skin checks
- Visiting a dermatologist for regular check-ups
- Treating precancerous lesions to prevent SCC from developing
Early detection and treatment of squamous cell carcinoma significantly improves outcomes and reduces the risk of complications.
If you have any concerns about changes in your skin, find a Forefront location near you to schedule a consultation.
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